Uitspraak Nº 201704575/1/V2. Raad van State, 2018-11-21
Court: | |
Docket Number: | 201704575/1/V2 |
ECLI: | ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:3736 |
201704575/1/V2.
Datum uitspraak: 21 november 2018
AFDELING
BESTUURSRECHTSPRAAK
Uitspraak op het hoger beroep van:
[de vreemdeling],
appellante,
tegen de uitspraak van de rechtbank Den Haag van 1 juni 2017 in zaak nr. 16/23224 in het geding tussen:
de vreemdeling
en
de staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid.
Procesverloop
Bij besluit van 10 oktober 2016 heeft de staatssecretaris een aanvraag van de vreemdeling om haar een verblijfsvergunning asiel voor bepaalde tijd te verlenen, afgewezen en tegen haar een inreisverbod uitgevaardigd.
Bij uitspraak van 1 juni 2017 heeft de rechtbank het daartegen door de vreemdeling ingestelde beroep ongegrond verklaard.
Tegen deze uitspraak heeft de vreemdeling hoger beroep ingesteld.
De Afdeling heeft de United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (hierna: de UNHCR) in de gelegenheid gesteld aan de procedure deel te nemen.
De staatssecretaris en de vreemdeling hebben nadere stukken ingediend.
De UNHCR heeft stukken ingediend.
De Afdeling heeft de zaak gelijktijdig met twee vergelijkbare zaken, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:3735 en ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:3737, ter zitting behandeld op 8 maart 2018. De vreemdeling, vertegenwoordigd door mr. G. van Reemst, advocaat te Den Haag, de staatssecretaris, vertegenwoordigd door mr. E.C. Pietermaat, advocaat te Den Haag, en mr. R.A. Visser, en de UNHCR, vertegenwoordigd door [gemachtigde], zijn verschenen.
Overwegingen
1. De vreemdeling komt uit de stad Herat, Afghanistan. Zij is op 29 december 2010 Nederland ingereisd en was toen 14 jaar oud.
1.1. Gelet op de uitspraak van vandaag, ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:3735, klaagt de vreemdeling tevergeefs over het oordeel van de rechtbank dat vrouwen die naar Nederland zijn gekomen en een westerse levensstijl hebben aangenomen, om die enkele reden niet kunnen worden aangemerkt als vluchteling in de zin van het Vluchtelingenverdrag en de Kwalificatierichtlijn. Zoals in de uitspraak van vandaag is overwogen, is een westerse levensstijl geen godsdienstige of politieke overtuiging. Evenmin vormen vrouwen met een westerse levensstijl een specifieke sociale groep. Een westerse levensstijl kan op zichzelf dus niet tot vluchtelingschap leiden. Uitzondering hierop is de situatie waarin een vreemdeling aannemelijk maakt dat haar westerse gedragingen een uitingsvorm zijn van een godsdienstige of politieke overtuiging.
1.2. Zoals de rechtbank terecht heeft overwogen, heeft de staatssecretaris de gestelde...
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